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0 引 言在资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势下,环境规制已成为全球议题。世界各国纷纷采取命令与控制政策、经济激励政策、信息披露机制等措施来对环境进行规制[1]。我国政府更是不断加大对环境保护的力度,把环境保护放到国家战略的高度,改革生态文明体制,综合运用法律手段、行政手段、经济手段来控制污染、保护环境[2]。矿产资源为人类社会经济发展提供重要的物质基础,矿产资源产业是国民经济发展的先行产业,也是能对生态环境产生较为严重负面影响的产业。我国矿业长期以来采取粗放式的发展模式[3],在矿产资源开发利用过程中不同程度地造成水土流失、土壤酸化、空
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